International migration is a social and geographical phenomenon with multiple socio-economic repercussions: a field study of the western part of the Eastern Rif (northeastern Morocco)

Abstract

The Rif region in general, and the eastern Rif in particular, are considered one of the ancient areas for the launch of important migratory flows, whether inward or outward. This area is today considered among the most important Moroccan basins that are experiencing tremendous demographic bleeding. The reasons behind these strong human movements that the region witnessed were numerous and can be enumerated. There are economic factors (poverty, the spread of famine, a decline in agricultural incomes) and other known political and military factors, given that the region witnessed a group of events that affected its security and the stability of the population, in addition to the high population density and difficult natural environment conditions. This study seeks to approach the problem of international migration from a geographical point of view by highlighting the historical roots and early harbingers of international migration in this field, and identifying its various socio-economic and spatial repercussions