مجلة العلوم الاجتماعية (Journal of Social Sciences) ISNN 2568-6739 Social Science Journal is an international peer-reviewed journal issued by the Arab Democratic Center Berlin-Germany that publishes research in the field of social sciences in Arabic, English, and French. It aims to promote cooperation in all fields of social sciences It is published periodically every three months and has an editorial board and an international scientific body that supervises it, as it oversees the refereeing process for incoming articles. Read More ...
Democratic Arabic Center For Strategic, Political & Economic Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
The social sciences, with their many specializations, have undergone significant developments that have impacted higher education and its outcomes. This is particularly evident given the ongoing developments and changes within the social sciences. Considering the most prominent challenges and stakes related to the field, addressing the social sciences in light of today's future is challenging. Through this analytical study, we will attempt to provide an objective analysis of the social sciences by answering an important question: What is the future of the social sciences today?
social sciences, future, research methods, changes
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Creative Leadership and its Impact on Organizational Change Management (A Field Study of the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate)
The study aimed to identify creative leadership and its impact on organizational change management, a field study on the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data. The study community consisted of workers in supervisory positions in the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate, numbering (35) employees, and (29) valid questionnaires were retrieved for statistical analysis. The most important results reached by the study: The level of creative leadership came to a high degree through obtaining a relative weight (69.51%), and the level of organizational change management came to a medium degree through obtaining a relative weight (67.42%), the presence of a positive correlation with statistical significance at a significance level (α≤0.05) between creative leadership and organizational change management. There is a statistically significant effect at the significance level (α≤0.05) between creative leadership and organizational change management. The most important recommendations reached by the study: that the company's management adopt creativity in its work, due to its positive repercussions on managing organizational change, as creative leadership plays a role in improving employee productivity and making their ideas creative and innovative. he company's management should embrace change in business systems, as change is important in adopting new work systems. It should also provide incentives to employees who have innovative ideas and solutions to develop business within the company
Creative leadership, organizational change management, electricity distribution company
The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance: Elites, Power, and Political Ideals Running Head: The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance
This paper critiques the persistent issue of elite capture in political systems, examining how the concentration of power undermines the core principles of democracy and justice. It analyzes historical and contemporary examples—from ancient Rome's patrician rule to modern democratic issues like campaign financing and centralized systems such as socialism and monarchies—highlighting the enduring dominance of elites. Despite these challenges, models of decentralized governance, including Athens' democracy, Switzerland's referendums, and Brazil’s participatory budgeting, offer alternatives to elite control. The paper also explores the potential of AI-driven governance to enhance efficiency, impartiality, and transparency as innovate suggestion, while addressing concerns over bias, discrimination, and power centralization. It proposes a hybrid model combining human judgment with AI efficiency to promote fairness and public engagement, though acknowledging the risks of exacerbating inequalities and overlooking human complexities. Ultimately, the paper emphasizes the need for continuous reforms focused on decentralization, transparency, and citizen participation to achieve truly participatory governance. It concludes that whether human-led or AI-assisted, governance must resist elite capture, prioritize inclusivity, and ensure collective well-being. The study calls for further research into the practical implications of AI integration, particularly its impact on power structures and inequalities
Elite capture, democracy, governance, political reform, innovation, political system
Le rôle du cinéma dans la construction sociale de l’enfant
Dans cet article nous tentons de montrer le rôle du cinéma dans la construction de l’enfant, en tant qu’individu social, au même titre que les autres espaces et environnements de socialisation tels que la famille, l'école et les établissements d’accueil de la petite enfance (crèches, jardin d’enfants, etc.). Cette étude examinera, dans un premier temps, la variable sociale comme processus fondamental dans la formation et la consolidation de la personnalité de l'individu et dans son intégration dans la société environnante. Il revient sur l’importance du processus de socialisation dans la transmission de valeurs, de normes et de codes permettant l’apprentissage des interactions sociales par l’enfant et l’accomplissement de son évolution d’un être biologique vers un individu social. La deuxième partie explore le rôle que joue le cinéma comme produit culturel, mais également comme espace de socialisation, dans le processus de formation de l’être social en devenir, par la construction et la transmission d’un imaginaire social collectif
Enfant, socialisation, cinéma, imaginaire social collectif
Marriage Rituals and Ceremonies within the Social Structures of Tafilalt: A Socio-Anthropological Study of the Cultural Framework of the Beni M'hammed Tribes.
Marriage rituals in the oasis society, especially among the Beni M'hammed tribes in the Ziz Oasis, have historically played a central role in shaping social, cultural, and familial structures. Governed by inherited norms and traditions, marriage was deeply connected to lineage, kinship, and tribal affiliation, under the influence of the extended family and tribal authority. Despite the complex and layered nature of these social structures, marriage served to define relationships and societal order. Over time, however, these traditional rituals have undergone notable changes, highlighting a clear shift between past practices and modern forms of marriage within the oasis communities
marriage, rituals, social structures, Beni M'hammed tribes, Ziz Oasis
NATIONAL UNITY AND THE ROLE OF ARABIC LANGUAGE IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
Language is one of the most important factors that shapes a nation and its components, language also contains a nation’s history, experiences, successes, failures, concepts, values, and etiquette, as well as its cultural emotional, and spiritual link between its people, it is an effective factor in transmitting all of the aforementioned events from one generation to another. accordingly, language plays an important role in preserving the culture and civilization of a nation, and it is a basis for nation building orientation, and contribute to the national growth and development, on that basis, Arabic language plays a tangible role in national unity, because it is the medium through both Muslims and Arab describes their present and future in terms of progress and advancement. Therefore, this language has a pioneering role in achieving the advancement of a nations. it is therefore said the level of progress of a nation is measured by the level of progress of its language, creativity, number of its speakers, in view of the importance of Arabic language and its role in nation building, this paper aims to shed light on the role of Arabic language towards national unity in Nigeria. national unity has to do with a person’s awareness of his surroundings socially, politically, and economically, as well as the feeling of the necessity of reviving his national heritage with its historical mission and its role in the development of the nation. the study concluded that Arabic language contributed significantly to strengthening national unity among different culture in Nigeria through Advocacy for national security, youth participation in national services, establishment of various Arabic language associations, its presence in various international organizations and unions
national consciousness, nationalism, patriotism, security, peace, Nigeria
The Social and Health Effects of Violence Against Children in Traditional Mining Areas in Northern Sudan
This study aimed to identify the social and health impacts of violence against children in traditional mining areas in the Northern State .The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the study tools included: interview questionnaires, focus group discussions, a questionnaire directed at children ,and a questionnaire directed at families. The study population consisted of children working in traditional mining areas in the Northern State, with a sample size of 385 children ,The study reached several key findings, including the increasing prevalence of child labor in traditional mining areas, where children work in hazardous environments and are exposed to health risks such as mercury poisoning and various physical injuries. There is a lack of health institutions and essential services in mining areas, leaving children vulnerable to diseases and injuries without adequate medical care. Furthermore, insufficient oversight of the work environment allows for the continued exploitation of children in unsafe conditions, with weak enforcement of protective laws ,The researchers recommended establishing mobile health institutions in traditional mining areas to provide medical care and treatment for working children and mitigate the health risks they face. They also called for the activation of laws and regulations that prohibit child labor in hazardous occupations, imposing stricter penalties on violators, and enhancing government oversight of the work environment. Additionally, they suggested launching educational and compensatory programs for working children, including youth classes and vocational education, to empower them in building a better future
Child, Child Labor, Traditional Mining, Violence, Social Risks
Yasir Mohamed Saeed Abdel Majeed Mohamed Saeed
Behind the Ballot Boxes: The Presence of the Far Right
This article analyzes Félicien Faury’s book (Ordinary Voters: An Inquiry into the Normalization of the Far Right). The study highlights the social and economic dynamics that drive support for the Rassemblement National in France. Through a sociological approach, the author examines how factors such as economic inequality, identity crisis, and the rejection of minorities influence electoral choices. This critical analysis seeks to understand the mechanisms behind the normalization of far-right voting and its impact on the French political landscape
Book Review Conversational AI: Dialogue Systems, Conversational Agents, and Chatbots
The book summarized here is titled " Conversational AI: Dialogue Systems, Conversational Agents, and Chatbots ", authored by Michael McTear, a retired professor at Ulster University in the UK. It is part of the Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies series, which focuses on computational linguistics. The target audience of the book includes researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. The book was reviewed by Olga Semenik, a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research in France, who described it as an "easily readable introduction" to the various concepts and techniques in Artificial Intelligence.The book consists of six chapters that cover a wide range of topics such as rule-based systems, statistical systems, evaluation methods, and a review of neural systems, concluding with a discussion of the challenges and future research directions in this evolving field.The Arabic translation of this book was done by Mahmoud Mohamed Rayan, a PhD researcher at Menofia University in Egypt, holding a Master's degree in Literary Criticism with a focus on Cognitive Studies
conversational AI, human language technology, NLP, dialogue system, rule-based system, neural dialogue systems, multi modality
The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance: Elites, Power, and Political Ideals
Call for Peace and National Cohesion: Reading from Selected Arabic Literary Texts of Nigerian Authorship
Since the old age, Literature as a mirror of society and its development often explores themes of morality, compassion, unity and peaceful coexistence in human society. Through poems and proses, literature can convey ethical principles that promote and educate peaceful coexistence, respect for others, and harmonious social relationships. Using descriptive method, this paper attempt to explore the contributions of Arabic Literature of Nigerian Authorship in promoting national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among Nigerian citizen with diverse ethnics and constituencies; literary texts (Poetry) were selected in the works of three literary icons. The study explores from the different works how Arabic literature of Nigerian authorship has promoted the ideology of unity, harmony, peaceful co-existence in Nigeria through this very heterogeneous socio-political region. The results of the study reveals that many literary scholars have contributed, through their literary productions, to the promotion of national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among the people who speak a multitude of languages and have array of cultural diversities and practices
Arabic, Literature, harmony, peaceful co-existence, Nigeria
The Effects of Adopting the International Financial Standards on the quality Accounting profits the Iraqi Banking Sector
Iraq has had a great experience in the transition towards the adoption of international finance and since 2016 in an important and vital sector, the banking sector, and the efforts of the Central Bank of Iraq, the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau and professional bodies such as the Profession Council and the Iraqi Accountants and Auditors Association were adopted voluntarily in 2015 and mandatorily for the year 2016 and the following years after the needs of the Iraqi environment, especially in the banking sector, were absorbed to international standards while giving sufficient time to study international standards in all respects, The process of transition to the application of international accounting standards has undergone logical developments in the Iraqi environment, represented by the gradual development of adoption in the automated stage, then adoption at the level of the banking sector, and the second stage represents the adoption of other sectors such as the industrial sector, the oil sector and others. The research aims to analyze the international financial reports of companies in general belonging to the banking sector in particular and compare the quality of profits in the period before the adoption of international financial reporting standards and the period after the adoption of international financial reporting standards The importance of the research comes from the fact that the subject of international financial reporting standards and the quality of profits is one of the important topics that occupied the accounting thought and the controversy has been raised in the recent period about the quality of profits and the transparency of financial statements and their comparability, especially in light of the globalization of capital markets and the need to attract new investors
qualityof earnings, international standards, conceptual framework, importance of profits, net profits
Electoral Systems in Iraq After 2003- An Analytical Study
After 2003, Iraq's electoral systems witnessed significant and important developments. The proportional representation system was adopted in parliamentary elections, allowing for broader representation of various political parties, including smaller parties that previously had little chance in the electoral systems. This system aims to achieve fairness in the distribution of parliamentary seats based on the percentage of votes each party receives, enhancing the representation of different social and political groups in parliament. Decisions related to electoral systems were influenced by the complex political, social, and historical circumstances that Iraq experienced, leading to continuous changes in how elections are organized to ensure the highest level of transparency and integrity. These changes included improvements in electoral procedures, increased oversight of the electoral process, and strengthening the role of independent institutions in supervising elections to prevent manipulation of results
parliamentary elections, political parties, seat distribution, electoral justice, electoral system
This study explores the intricate connections between language and racism, grounded in the framework of "modern race" and the concept of racism within the context of European modernity. Here, race is understood as a social system that has historically evolved through multiple forms, classifying individuals based on physical traits and racialized constructs. Within modern frameworks, race is deeply embedded in social structures and the global order, inextricably tied to colonial processes and racialized slavery driven by capitalist imperatives. Understanding race is crucial for analyzing how racial categories are organized and perceived across diverse social and cultural contexts. The research examines "ethnicity" as a concept that reflects differences at multiple levels—such as phenotypic and ethnic distinctions—and how these differences intersect to shape social and cultural dynamics. It highlights how racism has influenced the formation of European modernity, positioning modernity itself as a racialized project in which racist ideologies intertwine with notions of sovereignty and citizenship. The study also underscores language’s pivotal role in perpetuating racism by enabling linguistic and cultural hegemony, and how racist language ideologies reinforce racial hierarchies in society. Two key approaches to studying language and racism are discussed: "racial linguistics" and "Indigenous and decolonial frameworks," each contributing to our understanding of how language and racism intersect. The research concludes that race and racism are profoundly entangled with language, and addressing racial injustices in society requires a deep understanding of this relationship. It calls for further interdisciplinary research to better comprehend how language sustains racist ideologies and how linguistic and cultural reforms can challenge systemic racism
Language, racism, modern race, modernity, WoW
Journalists' attitudes towards using artificial intelligence in developing journalistic work and its impact on Credibility and professionalism
The research aims to identify the extent of journalists' awareness of the importance of artificial intelligence and its role in improving journalistic performance, knowing the impact of the application of artificial intelligence on credibility and professionalism in journalistic work, and knowing the challenges facing media institutions adopting this technology. The importance of the study comes from the fact that artificial intelligence journalism has created a new era in the media industry and the union of many journalistic institutions to benefit from these modern technologies in developing journalistic work. This research belongs to descriptive research and used the survey method that aims to record and analyze the interpretation of the phenomenon. A questionnaire form was used and then applied to a sample of journalists working in Iraqi journalistic institutions and then selected intentionally - amounting to (80) respondents. The research reached the valid answer: Fig. 7603% of the study is that Iraqi journalists, even without using artificial intelligence in journalistic work, by 7%9. The results indicated that % of Iraqi journalists confirm the contribution of artificial intelligence to improving the quality of journalistic work
Artificial Intelligence, Credibility, Professionalism, Journalis
The bureaucratization of syndicalism in Morocco: A sociological study of the determinants, manifestations and implications
The first section of this article states the circumstances that encompass the emergence of union organizations and their primary roles, as well as an analysis of the phenomenon of bureaucracy and its inherent characteristics, which swing between positive and negative aspects. The second section focuses on the manifestations of bureaucracy within union organizations and their unintended outcomes on union work, elaborating the experience of the union movement in Morocco. This movement suffers from the prevalence of bureaucratic manifestations within its union structures, where a bureaucratic character dominates union work due to the union leadership’s control over union decision-making mechanisms. This has led to the dedication of centralized decision-making, that results in the exclusion of more dynamic and active union elements and the weakening of their influence in guiding and strengthening union work. Undoubtedly, the spread of factionalism among workers and employees, through the rise of factional struggles and their organization into numerous coordination groups, can be the clearest evidence of the decline of union work in Morocco and other Maghreb countries. This decline is the effect of the proliferation of manifestations of union bureaucracy, which has directly contributed to decreasing the foundations and the pillars of internal democracy within union organizations
Bureaucracy, Union Organizations, syndicalism
The Administrative Decision on Travel Ban
the right to freedom of movement and travel from one place to another is an inherent human right, essential to human life given the psychological and physical nature of individuals. This right serves as a foundational pillar of human rights and freedoms in general. It is a relative, not absolute, right, subject to regulations and limitations that govern its exercise. Constitutions and legislations oversee the regulation of the right to movement and travel. This research addresses the concept of the administrative decision to impose a travel ban, which constitutes a restriction on an individual's freedom of movement, an essential right that cannot be waived. It examines the conditions and legal nature of such decisions, differentiates between judicial action and administrative decisions, and identifies the authorities responsible for issuing and contesting travel bans. The research is divided into two main sections: the first explores the nature and legal characteristics of the administrative decision imposing a travel ban, while the second outlines the authorities empowered to issue and contest such decisions. The research, based on a comparative analytical approach, concludes with a set of findings and recommendations. A key finding is that a travel ban is a temporary precautionary measure aimed at preventing individuals from leaving the country, issued by a competent judicial authority when sufficient evidence exists to justify it. In Palestinian legislation, the nature of a travel ban is an ongoing administrative decision, whereas in Kuwaiti law, its nature varies according to the matter at hand. In criminal and civil matters, the travel ban serves as a precautionary measure pending trial, while in bankruptcy cases, it is not considered punitive unless bankruptcy is formally declared
Haneen Sulayman Saleem * Shweiki ,Palestine
The faith and psychological dimension of marital residence in the Quranic perspective
This research talks about marriage and the right of residence in it for both spouses, and then it addresses within its folds a social and legal problem that concerns women in the event of their divorce or the death of their husbands, and among the most prominent of these problems is the loss of residence, whether it is physical or moral, and the researchers tried to reveal the faith and psychological dimensions in it as much as possible by highlighting the Qur’anic texts and the Prophetic hadiths that were specific to this important relationship in the life of the spouses, and they showed the importance of the two dimensions in standing on the legal rulings related to the right of residence during married life and after the loss of that relationship by the occurrence of one of the two things: death or divorce
Housing, the right of housing for both spouses, the faith dimension of the right of housing, the psychological dimension of the right of housing for a divorced woman whose husband has died
The Explanatory Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Organizational Health and Job Frustration: Soft Skills as a Moderating Variable with Application to Faculty Members at Saudi Universities
The study aimed to identify the explanatory role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between organizational health and functional frustration: soft skills as a modified variable by applying faculty members in Saudi universities. The problem of the study was the following main question: Does emotional intelligence explain the relationship between organizational health and functional frustration in light of soft skills. The descriptive curriculum used, the study relied on its random eye and designed a questionnaire for data collection, and the results of the analysis reached )98%), To analyze data and test hypotheses, descriptive statistics methods and path analysis were used through the statistical package of social sciences SPSS, and amos25, The most important results of the study: Emotional intelligence explains the relationship between organizational health, frustration and functional, and soft skills adjust the relationship between organizational health and emotional intelligence. The most important recommendations of the study: The university administration must be concerned with training in order to raise the efficiency of faculty members and develop their creative skills constantly, as well as contribute to increasing the quality of the teaching process by providing modern technologies and tools that support faculty members
Emotional intelligence, soft skills, career frustration, organizational health
The concept of the condition according to the fundamentalists, its reality, its validity, and its effect
The concept of the condition is an apparent, non-conclusive proof according to the majority of theologians, by which rulings are proven if its conditions are met, whether it refers to what is spoken or what is not said about it. The Hanafis do not see the validity of the concept of condition and do not confirm the rulings with it. All scholars agree that suspending the ruling on a condition It indicates that that ruling is proven when that condition exists, and that the subject of dispute among scholars regarding the concept of the condition is limited to the extent to which restricting the ruling to the linguistic condition in the legal texts indicates the absence of the ruling when the condition is absent, and that the disagreement of scholars regarding invoking the concept of the condition has a major impact in the branches of jurisprudence
concept of condition, Authenticity of the concept of condition, Opinions of fundamentalists, Legitimacy and various contracts
Journal of social sciences Democratic Arabic Center For Strategic, Political & Economic Studies, Germany-Berlin Contents Vol 08 / Issue 34 / December 2024
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
On the free movement of people in Africa : current situation, constraints and prospects
The free movement of people and goods in Africa has undeniably made significant progress in recent years, yet challenges remain. Many countries have abolished visas for African citizens, encouraging intra-continental travel. However, customs procedures and border controls often remain cumbersome and time-consuming. Transport infrastructure, especially roads and railroads, still requires investment to enhance regional and African connectivity. Despite these obstacles, most African leaders recognize the necessity of free movement to stimulate trade, investment and consequently economic development on a continental scale
Africa; Free movement; Borders; Regional Economic Community
HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT: DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND LAND USE IN THE OUED LAHDAR WATERSHED (MOROCCAN PRE-RIF)
This study examines the impact of human activities on the environment in the Oued Lahdar watershed, located at the foothills of the Rif Mountains in Morocco. The basin is undergoing significant changes due to demographic growth and unsustainable land use. The methodology relies on analyzing data from various sources, such as satellite imagery, census data, and land use maps, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study explores the relationship between population density and land use changes, including agriculture and urbanization. The results show that demographic pressure has a significant impact on natural resources, including soil, water, and forests, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable development strategies to mitigate these effects
human activities, population growth, land use, Oued Lahdar basin, Geographic Information Systems
Difficulties Faced by Iraqi EFL Students in Writing Research Paper
The assessment of writing competence is the main objective of the current study. One of the most significant categories of linguistic awareness is thought to be this one Written form, according to (Good , 1973, p. 67), is the capacity to learn the necessary writing skills while putting in the least amount of time and effort possible given the volume of work completed. The challenge of the current study is that most college students find it difficult to write their research papers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the difficulties that students have when writing papers. It also seeks to offer a questionnaire for evaluating students' awareness of written skills. It's believed that Iraqi EFL students are incapable of finishing their research papers. Only twenty students enrolled in the fourth stage of Al-Anbar University/College of Education are included in the data set. Quantitative analysis would be the approach taken. Lastly, it has been found that Iraqi EFL students are incapable of achieving writing proficiency in particular domains
WRITING, ACADEMIC WRITING, EFL, RESEARCH PAPER
Semiological Analysis of the Narrative Character in the Novel
The novel is among the most renowned forms of literature, being the most prevalent and receptive to various literary discussions. It is also the most extensive narrative genre in terms of scale. Its significance is defined by the reality that it represents a primary creative work that engages with the medium of the novel, mirrors actual life, and draws the reader into its layers, allowing them to experience the events as if they were participating in them. Lately, contemporary methods have surfaced that focus on analyzing texts. One of these methods is the semiological approach, which has notably established itself in the critical field by placing significant emphasis on the novel. One of the most crucial aspects that scholars and reviewers have focused on is the character element, which serves as the central point in the narrative and as an artistic device employed by the novelist to convey the events
semiological approach, character, novel, existence
The Representation of Social Powers and Ideologies in the Commandments of Luqman the Wise in Surat Luqman: A Critical Discourse Analysis
This study intends to display the ideologies and power presented in the translated verses in Interpretation of the Meanings of the Nobel Qur’an in the English Language based on the interpretation of Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir. The study is concerned with exclusively analyzing to the texts related to the commandments of Luqman the Wise. Linguistically, the texts are analyzed on three levels according to textual strategies and discursive strategies, then social practices. The study aims to reveal and convey the ideologies present in the commandments of Luqman the Wise, in addition to present the types of power prevailing in the texts to clarify the impact that linguistic discourse can have in changing societies. Moreover, the study explores the importance of sober language in achieving better change at the behavioral, moral and intellectual levels as social practices. To achieve the above-mentioned aims, in terms of textual and discursive levels used in the text under investigation, the paper hypothesizes that a number of ideologies and social powers that transmit and adopt theses ideology are revealed. The texts are analyzed discursively and textually within the Fairclough's approach (2001)
Critical Discourse Analysis, Textual strategies, Discursive Strategies, Ideology, Power, Surat Luqman
This contribution examines the role of language in the nation-state model in shaping citizenship and belonging. It addresses the political and cultural interrelations between language and citizenship in connection to nation-building and state formation. The analysis explores two processes: a top-down approach, where state-building precedes nation-building, and the state imposes cultural standards—most prominently language—from the center, as historically exemplified in the construction of nation-states in Western Europe. Alternatively, a bottom-up process is considered, where language serves as a primary tool for social and political mobilization, challenging state-imposed cultural standards and replacing them with a new state framed by a reimagined vision of the nation, where vernacular languages replace imperial languages. Additionally, the article examines the interaction between these top-down and bottom-up dynamics in various regions worldwide. It provides a framework for critiquing language policies biased toward monolingualism, advocating for policies that accommodate the complexities of linguistic diversity. It argues for transcending simplistic views of multilingualism in favor of fostering citizenship rooted in linguistic pluralism rather than monolingualism
language, citizenship, nation, nation-state, bottom-up approach, top-down approach
The Prophetic Sunnah, The Objectives of Sharia (Maqasid al-Sharia), Preservation of Honor, Necessity
It is well known that the objectives of Sharia (Maqasid Al-Sharia) represent a significant field of study and are one of the sciences of Usul al-Fiqh. These objectives comprise the meanings and wisdom observed by the Lawgiver in all or most legislative situations, aiming to bring about benefits and increase them while preventing and reducing harms. This research attempts to integrate the essential objectives with the purified Prophetic Sunnah by studying some authentic hadiths related to the objective of preserving honor. At the beginning of our research, we discussed the objectives of Sharia and then moved on to the essential objectives, detailing their categories. We explained each of the six categories individually. Following this, we explored the nature of the disagreement regarding the objective of preserving honor, as it is the chosen subject of our research. Consequently, it was necessary to highlight some of this disagreement. We then entered the second chapter, which is the practical study presenting some aspects of preserving honor in the Prophetic Sunnah through three specific areas. The study in this chapter focuses on explaining the meanings of the hadith, its interpretation, the stance of scholars on each aspect, and the impact of these aspects on the Islamic community
The Prophetic Tradition, Objectives of Sharia, Preservation of Honor, Necessity
The Degree of Students' Satisfaction in Islamic Secondary Schools with the Teaching Methods of Science Teachers and Its Relationship to Academic Achievement: A Case Study of the City of Samarra
This study was conducted on a sample of Islamic secondary school students for the first and second intermediate grades with a number of (225) male and female students from the city of Samarra for the academic year 2023/2024. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey and correlation methods. The research aims to: 1. Identify the degree of student satisfaction with the method followed by science teachers for the first and second intermediate grades. 2. Identify the degree of cognitive achievement in science for the first and second intermediate grades. 3. Identify the relationship between student satisfaction and the degree of cognitive achievement in science for the first and second intermediate grades. The study concluded the effectiveness of the scale of student satisfaction with the teaching methods used by science teachers in Islamic schools, prepared by the researcher, and the research sample was characterized by a good degree of student satisfaction with the teaching methods used by science teachers in Islamic schools
Satisfaction level, cognitive achievement, Islamic high schools, teaching methods
Criminal policy to protect women from violence under CEDAW
Penal and punitive laws protect the rights, existence and freedoms of individuals by imposing rules, procedures and penalties to ensure this protection and address any breach of these rights by any person, by imposing a deterrent punishment against him in a manner that is appropriate to the gravity of the crime and the act committed. By referring to the penal code and penal procedures in force in Palestine, we find that it has added greater protection to some groups that are more deserving of protection and care, such as women, who are the subject of this research, in a manner consistent with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Which stressed the necessity of guaranteeing women's rights, since women are the school in which every generation is raised, and that addressing the issue of violence and assault against them falls on the legislator and the competent authorities to establish ways and means that eliminate the factors, circumstances and causes that perpetuate the chain of violence against women, through developing comprehensive and comprehensive services, as well as ensuring sound procedures that take into account the circumstances of women when they are one of the parties to the criminal case in order to ensure women's access to justice, whether in the early stages of the criminal case and/or in the stages of the criminal case and/or in the stages of implementing the ruling and penalties, through allocating public prosecutions, courts and reform centers specialized for women, since the practice of violence and discrimination against women constitutes a serious violation of human rights in general and women's rights according to what is stated in international agreements and laws in particular
Criminal policy, women, CEDAW, applicable laws