مجلة العلوم الاجتماعية (Journal of Social Sciences) ISNN 2568-6739 Social Science Journal is an international peer-reviewed journal issued by the Arab Democratic Center Berlin-Germany that publishes research in the field of social sciences in Arabic, English, and French. It aims to promote cooperation in all fields of social sciences It is published periodically every three months and has an editorial board and an international scientific body that supervises it, as it oversees the refereeing process for incoming articles. Read More ...
Democratic Arabic Center For Strategic, Political & Economic Studies
This work is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0
The Cultural Heritage of the City of Hun 1835-1945
This study examines the cultural heritage of Hun (1835–1945), one of the important oases of the Jufra region with significant historical and social value. Using a descriptive-analytical historical method, the research highlights the city’s development through three main stages, its agricultural and pastoral activities sustained by groundwater resources, and its role in religious education through Qur’anic schools and Sufi lodges. The study also explores both tangible and intangible heritage, including traditional foods, drying and storage methods, cooking utensils, folk medicine with herbs, cupping, and cauterization. Furthermore, it discusses the role of religious institutions such as the Qadiriyya, Sanussiyya, Asmariyya, and Issawiyya orders, as well as mosques as centers of learning and worship. The research sheds light on prominent scholars and preachers who contributed to the spread of knowledge and guidance. Findings reveal that Hun represented a model of interaction between the desert environment, agriculture, pastoralism, and cultural heritage, producing a rich legacy that remains embedded in the community’s identity
Hun, Jufra, cultural heritage, agriculture and pastoralism, folk medicine, religious education, Sufi lodges, scholars
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Digital Social Pollution and its Impact on Values and Social Relationships (A Field Study of a Sample of Digital Platform Users)
The research aimed to study digital social pollution, as it is one of the emerging issues resulting from the intensive use of social media platforms. These platforms have become an integral part of daily life, yet they have posed multiple challenges directly to social values and relationships. The research relied on a social survey approach with a sample of (200) respondents from different age groups who are social media users. Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire that included several axes to determine the impact of digital social pollution on social relationships and values. The research results revealed an addiction to these platforms. The study also revealed a decline in traditional social values and a loss of the warmth of real social relationships. The research concluded that digital social pollution represents a real threat, especially in the absence of a realistic preventative strategy
digital social pollution, social values, social relations
"The Contribution of Women Scholars to the Flourishing of Educational Institutions in al- Maghrib al-Aqsa during the ldrisid Era :Fatima al-Fihri as a Model
This study highlights the contribution of women scholars to the flourishing of educational institutions in Morocco during the Idrisid era, through the case study of Fatima al-Fihri. The foundation of al-Qarawiyyin University in Fez in 245 AH / 859 CE marked a turning point in the history of Islamic education. Her initiative was based on the waqf (endowment) system, which ensured the continuity and independence of the scientific institution. The research emphasizes that women’s role in intellectual life was not limited to learning, but also extended to founding, managing, and directing institutions, making women active partners in building scholarly and civilizational edifices. The experience further reveals that women’s endowments served as a strategic tool for safeguarding education and ensuring its sustainability across centuries. Fatima al-Fihri thus embodied the model of the pioneering woman scholar and contributed to shaping the features of educational revival in Morocco. Her legacy remains a testimony to the effective presence of women in the intellectual and civilizational history of Islam. Furthermore, Kairouan served as the starting point for Islamic conquests and later became a distinguished scientific and cultural center that brought together scholars and thinkers from across the Islamic world. Its universities, especially the historic Mosque-University of Uqba ibn Nafi‘, stood as comprehensive institutions where religious, linguistic, and natural sciences were taught
Fatima al-Fihri, al-Qarawiyyin University, waqf and education, women scholars, Islamic educational institutions
Alain Touraine's The End of Societies – A Sociological Reading of the Paradigm Shift from the Social to the Cultural-Ethical
Alain Touraine’s The End of Societies (2013) is a major contribution to redefining contemporary sociology. The author proposes a shift from a structure-centered social paradigm to a cultural paradigm centered on the “active subject” and human rights. The book examines the transformation of modern societies after the decline of class struggle and the rise of “subjectivation societies” in which collective action is framed within an ethical and rights-based horizon, beyond traditional economic struggles. This review outlines the book’s intellectual context, summarizes its content, and provides a critical reading of key concepts such as “total power,” “ethical movements,” and “dignity” as a principle of resistance. It also discusses Touraine’s contribution to renewing sociological theory and its ability to grasp contemporary transformations
Alain Touraine, The End of Societies, Active Subject, Social Movements, Cultural Paradigm
Leadership practices and their impact on job satisfaction (A field study on workers at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in the Gaza Strip)
The study aimed to identify leadership practices and their impact on job satisfaction (a field study on employees at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital). The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data. The study community consisted of employees in supervisory positions at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, numbering (92) employees, The most important results reached by the study: The level of leadership practices came to a high degree through obtaining a relative weight (70.22%), and the level of job satisfaction came to a medium degree through obtaining a relative weight (67.29%), There is a positive, direct, statistically significant relationship at a significance level of (α≤0.05) between leadership practices and their dimensions and job satisfaction, and there is a statistically significant effect at a significance level of (α≤0.05) between leadership practices and job satisfaction. The effect size reached (0.314%). he most important recommendations reached by the study: The researchers hope that the hospital administration will empower the staff to achieve the hospital's future goals, Increased interest in job satisfaction by hospital management, as it has an impact on achieving strategic goals, Implementing incentives and rewards in the hospital, and granting incentives to employees, as incentives have an impact on increasing work efficiency and achievement
Leadership practices, job satisfaction, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Usage on Cultural Identity and Social Upbringing among Algerian Youth
This study investigates the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on cultural identity and social upbringing among Algerian youth, utilizing two rigorously validated scales directed at both youth and their parents. The scale administered to youth measured the frequency and extent of AI usage and its effects on cultural identity, while the scale for parents assessed AI’s impact on social upbringing. Results indicate that AI explains 79% of the variance in cultural identity, demonstrating a strong positive and statistically significant effect. Moreover, a significant correlation was identified between AI use and its perceived influence on social upbringing from the parental perspective. The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in AI’s impact relative to the age of youth or educational level of parents, suggesting a broadly pervasive and homogeneous effect across demographics. The findings underscore the imperative for further empirical research on the potential of AI applications to reinforce cultural identity within the context of ongoing digital transformation
Artificial Intelligence, Cultural Identity, Social Upbringing, Algerian Youth
The Role of the Kindergarten Environment in Developing Children's Language Skills from the Perspective of Educators
The study aimed to identify the role of the kindergarten environment in developing children's language skills from the teachers' perspective. To achieve this, the researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study sample consisted of 207 kindergarten teachers in Jerusalem. The study found that the role of the kindergarten environment in developing children's language skills was rated highly by teachers. It also revealed that the classroom environment, the teacher's role, educational activities, and the physical environment in kindergarten play a positive role in enhancing children's language skills. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in the role of the kindergarten environment in developing children's language skills based on the variables of academic qualification, years of experience, and type of kindergarten. Based on the findings, the study recommended the continuous enhancement of the physical environment in innovative ways to support the comprehensive educational process in kindergartens. It also emphasized the need for ongoing training programs for teachers on how to effectively utilize the physical environment to enhance language skills
Kindergarten environment, children's theater, storytelling, kindergarten teacher
Understanding parental impact on children's gender socialisation
This research article examines the key role that parents play in the socialisation of children with regard to gender. It studies the reproduction of stereotypical attitudes, behaviours and injunctions during what sociologists refer to as “primary socialisation”. From a sociological and developmental perspective, this article presents gendered parenting practices, whether implicit or explicit, such as: identification and modelling through the traditional division of labour, the transmission of gendered norms, gender-based encouragement, the choice of toys, clothes, etc. This gendered education has potential consequences for girls’ and boys’ identities that must be carefully considered
gender socialisation, gender identity, parental expectations, gender stereotypes, reproduction
“Self-interest and Political Kinship: Power Dynamics in Federal Nepal”
This article attempts to scrutinize the recent culture of politics and powerplay that has been enacting and performed since the very advent of downfall of shah regime, transforming Nepal into Federal Democratic Republic on may 28, 2008 A.D., from mass protest, overthrowing the 240-year-old monarchy, fostering immense culture of inclination to wide arrays of political ideologies yet the subtle voices of oppressions and dominations still persist in everyday livelihood dimensions, due to collective political manipulation and exploitation of the subordinates and the hegemony over subalterns. The study further aims to explore through an interpretivist mixed method paradigm based on prolonged ethnography and participant observation through unstructured and semi-structured interviews to elicit the social realities being shaped by political suppression and the embedded artificial political kinship network of inheritance and corporate groups in reforming the hierarchies and conflicts suffused by self-interest attitudes for power capital and exerting knowledge to gain power. The explicit goal of this research is to proffer the crucial need in redefining and bridging the gap between policy and practice to demolish the traditional form of dominance, which is still in practice as a disguise of Kinship
Disguise, Kinship, Self-interest, Power play, Hegemony
This contribution examines the impact of power and politics on language planning and policy, with a particular focus on how language policy is shaped within governmental processes—especially during the agenda-setting stage. The approach aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on how power and language politics are conceptualized within the broader field of language planning and policy. This is followed by an analysis of selected applications related to agenda-setting in language policy processes. The paper concludes by addressing the challenges and constraints associated with applying notions of power and language politics to the agenda-setting phase in policymaking, along with offering recommendations for further reading
politics, language planning, language policy, policy processes
Arabic Translation Work: Erik Stokstad Seed Disperser Declines Threaten Europe’s Plants [ Science, vol.386.Issue.6718. 11 Oct.r 2024. 136]
When hunters wiped out most fruit eating birds in the tropical forest of Lambir Hills National Park on western Borneo by the 1990s, the skies grew duller—and in a few years so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, illuminating the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem health. The movement of seeds across the landscape in animals’ guts is a “glue that keeps ecological communities together,” says Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich. Now, ecosystems in temperate climates seem to be coming unglued as well. On p. 206, a team reports that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because most of the animals that move their seeds are threatened or declining. The study is “brilliant and compelling” but also “alarming,” says Pedro Jordano, an ecologist at the University of Seville. The decline in seed dispersers—not just birds, but also mammals, reptiles, and ants—could jeopardize the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire, he adds, especially in Europe’s highly fragmented landscap
distribute, dispersal, decline, seeds, rare plants, species
The social sciences, with their many specializations, have undergone significant developments that have impacted higher education and its outcomes. This is particularly evident given the ongoing developments and changes within the social sciences. Considering the most prominent challenges and stakes related to the field, addressing the social sciences in light of today's future is challenging. Through this analytical study, we will attempt to provide an objective analysis of the social sciences by answering an important question: What is the future of the social sciences today?
social sciences, future, research methods, changes
Creative Leadership and its Impact on Organizational Change Management (A Field Study of the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate)
The study aimed to identify creative leadership and its impact on organizational change management, a field study on the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data. The study community consisted of workers in supervisory positions in the Electricity Distribution Company in Khan Yunis Governorate, numbering (35) employees, and (29) valid questionnaires were retrieved for statistical analysis. The most important results reached by the study: The level of creative leadership came to a high degree through obtaining a relative weight (69.51%), and the level of organizational change management came to a medium degree through obtaining a relative weight (67.42%), the presence of a positive correlation with statistical significance at a significance level (α≤0.05) between creative leadership and organizational change management. There is a statistically significant effect at the significance level (α≤0.05) between creative leadership and organizational change management. The most important recommendations reached by the study: that the company's management adopt creativity in its work, due to its positive repercussions on managing organizational change, as creative leadership plays a role in improving employee productivity and making their ideas creative and innovative. he company's management should embrace change in business systems, as change is important in adopting new work systems. It should also provide incentives to employees who have innovative ideas and solutions to develop business within the company
Creative leadership, organizational change management, electricity distribution company
The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance: Elites, Power, and Political Ideals Running Head: The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance
This paper critiques the persistent issue of elite capture in political systems, examining how the concentration of power undermines the core principles of democracy and justice. It analyzes historical and contemporary examples—from ancient Rome's patrician rule to modern democratic issues like campaign financing and centralized systems such as socialism and monarchies—highlighting the enduring dominance of elites. Despite these challenges, models of decentralized governance, including Athens' democracy, Switzerland's referendums, and Brazil’s participatory budgeting, offer alternatives to elite control. The paper also explores the potential of AI-driven governance to enhance efficiency, impartiality, and transparency as innovate suggestion, while addressing concerns over bias, discrimination, and power centralization. It proposes a hybrid model combining human judgment with AI efficiency to promote fairness and public engagement, though acknowledging the risks of exacerbating inequalities and overlooking human complexities. Ultimately, the paper emphasizes the need for continuous reforms focused on decentralization, transparency, and citizen participation to achieve truly participatory governance. It concludes that whether human-led or AI-assisted, governance must resist elite capture, prioritize inclusivity, and ensure collective well-being. The study calls for further research into the practical implications of AI integration, particularly its impact on power structures and inequalities
Elite capture, democracy, governance, political reform, innovation, political system
Le rôle du cinéma dans la construction sociale de l’enfant
Dans cet article nous tentons de montrer le rôle du cinéma dans la construction de l’enfant, en tant qu’individu social, au même titre que les autres espaces et environnements de socialisation tels que la famille, l'école et les établissements d’accueil de la petite enfance (crèches, jardin d’enfants, etc.). Cette étude examinera, dans un premier temps, la variable sociale comme processus fondamental dans la formation et la consolidation de la personnalité de l'individu et dans son intégration dans la société environnante. Il revient sur l’importance du processus de socialisation dans la transmission de valeurs, de normes et de codes permettant l’apprentissage des interactions sociales par l’enfant et l’accomplissement de son évolution d’un être biologique vers un individu social. La deuxième partie explore le rôle que joue le cinéma comme produit culturel, mais également comme espace de socialisation, dans le processus de formation de l’être social en devenir, par la construction et la transmission d’un imaginaire social collectif
Enfant, socialisation, cinéma, imaginaire social collectif
Marriage Rituals and Ceremonies within the Social Structures of Tafilalt: A Socio-Anthropological Study of the Cultural Framework of the Beni M'hammed Tribes.
Marriage rituals in the oasis society, especially among the Beni M'hammed tribes in the Ziz Oasis, have historically played a central role in shaping social, cultural, and familial structures. Governed by inherited norms and traditions, marriage was deeply connected to lineage, kinship, and tribal affiliation, under the influence of the extended family and tribal authority. Despite the complex and layered nature of these social structures, marriage served to define relationships and societal order. Over time, however, these traditional rituals have undergone notable changes, highlighting a clear shift between past practices and modern forms of marriage within the oasis communities
marriage, rituals, social structures, Beni M'hammed tribes, Ziz Oasis
NATIONAL UNITY AND THE ROLE OF ARABIC LANGUAGE IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
Language is one of the most important factors that shapes a nation and its components, language also contains a nation’s history, experiences, successes, failures, concepts, values, and etiquette, as well as its cultural emotional, and spiritual link between its people, it is an effective factor in transmitting all of the aforementioned events from one generation to another. accordingly, language plays an important role in preserving the culture and civilization of a nation, and it is a basis for nation building orientation, and contribute to the national growth and development, on that basis, Arabic language plays a tangible role in national unity, because it is the medium through both Muslims and Arab describes their present and future in terms of progress and advancement. Therefore, this language has a pioneering role in achieving the advancement of a nations. it is therefore said the level of progress of a nation is measured by the level of progress of its language, creativity, number of its speakers, in view of the importance of Arabic language and its role in nation building, this paper aims to shed light on the role of Arabic language towards national unity in Nigeria. national unity has to do with a person’s awareness of his surroundings socially, politically, and economically, as well as the feeling of the necessity of reviving his national heritage with its historical mission and its role in the development of the nation. the study concluded that Arabic language contributed significantly to strengthening national unity among different culture in Nigeria through Advocacy for national security, youth participation in national services, establishment of various Arabic language associations, its presence in various international organizations and unions
national consciousness, nationalism, patriotism, security, peace, Nigeria
The Social and Health Effects of Violence Against Children in Traditional Mining Areas in Northern Sudan
This study aimed to identify the social and health impacts of violence against children in traditional mining areas in the Northern State .The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the study tools included: interview questionnaires, focus group discussions, a questionnaire directed at children ,and a questionnaire directed at families. The study population consisted of children working in traditional mining areas in the Northern State, with a sample size of 385 children ,The study reached several key findings, including the increasing prevalence of child labor in traditional mining areas, where children work in hazardous environments and are exposed to health risks such as mercury poisoning and various physical injuries. There is a lack of health institutions and essential services in mining areas, leaving children vulnerable to diseases and injuries without adequate medical care. Furthermore, insufficient oversight of the work environment allows for the continued exploitation of children in unsafe conditions, with weak enforcement of protective laws ,The researchers recommended establishing mobile health institutions in traditional mining areas to provide medical care and treatment for working children and mitigate the health risks they face. They also called for the activation of laws and regulations that prohibit child labor in hazardous occupations, imposing stricter penalties on violators, and enhancing government oversight of the work environment. Additionally, they suggested launching educational and compensatory programs for working children, including youth classes and vocational education, to empower them in building a better future
Child, Child Labor, Traditional Mining, Violence, Social Risks
Yasir Mohamed Saeed Abdel Majeed Mohamed Saeed
Behind the Ballot Boxes: The Presence of the Far Right
This article analyzes Félicien Faury’s book (Ordinary Voters: An Inquiry into the Normalization of the Far Right). The study highlights the social and economic dynamics that drive support for the Rassemblement National in France. Through a sociological approach, the author examines how factors such as economic inequality, identity crisis, and the rejection of minorities influence electoral choices. This critical analysis seeks to understand the mechanisms behind the normalization of far-right voting and its impact on the French political landscape
Book Review Conversational AI: Dialogue Systems, Conversational Agents, and Chatbots
The book summarized here is titled " Conversational AI: Dialogue Systems, Conversational Agents, and Chatbots ", authored by Michael McTear, a retired professor at Ulster University in the UK. It is part of the Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies series, which focuses on computational linguistics. The target audience of the book includes researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. The book was reviewed by Olga Semenik, a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research in France, who described it as an "easily readable introduction" to the various concepts and techniques in Artificial Intelligence.The book consists of six chapters that cover a wide range of topics such as rule-based systems, statistical systems, evaluation methods, and a review of neural systems, concluding with a discussion of the challenges and future research directions in this evolving field.The Arabic translation of this book was done by Mahmoud Mohamed Rayan, a PhD researcher at Menofia University in Egypt, holding a Master's degree in Literary Criticism with a focus on Cognitive Studies
conversational AI, human language technology, NLP, dialogue system, rule-based system, neural dialogue systems, multi modality
The Enduring Struggle for Egalitarian Governance: Elites, Power, and Political Ideals
Call for Peace and National Cohesion: Reading from Selected Arabic Literary Texts of Nigerian Authorship
Since the old age, Literature as a mirror of society and its development often explores themes of morality, compassion, unity and peaceful coexistence in human society. Through poems and proses, literature can convey ethical principles that promote and educate peaceful coexistence, respect for others, and harmonious social relationships. Using descriptive method, this paper attempt to explore the contributions of Arabic Literature of Nigerian Authorship in promoting national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among Nigerian citizen with diverse ethnics and constituencies; literary texts (Poetry) were selected in the works of three literary icons. The study explores from the different works how Arabic literature of Nigerian authorship has promoted the ideology of unity, harmony, peaceful co-existence in Nigeria through this very heterogeneous socio-political region. The results of the study reveals that many literary scholars have contributed, through their literary productions, to the promotion of national integration, harmony and peaceful co-existence among the people who speak a multitude of languages and have array of cultural diversities and practices
Arabic, Literature, harmony, peaceful co-existence, Nigeria
The Effects of Adopting the International Financial Standards on the quality Accounting profits the Iraqi Banking Sector
Iraq has had a great experience in the transition towards the adoption of international finance and since 2016 in an important and vital sector, the banking sector, and the efforts of the Central Bank of Iraq, the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau and professional bodies such as the Profession Council and the Iraqi Accountants and Auditors Association were adopted voluntarily in 2015 and mandatorily for the year 2016 and the following years after the needs of the Iraqi environment, especially in the banking sector, were absorbed to international standards while giving sufficient time to study international standards in all respects, The process of transition to the application of international accounting standards has undergone logical developments in the Iraqi environment, represented by the gradual development of adoption in the automated stage, then adoption at the level of the banking sector, and the second stage represents the adoption of other sectors such as the industrial sector, the oil sector and others. The research aims to analyze the international financial reports of companies in general belonging to the banking sector in particular and compare the quality of profits in the period before the adoption of international financial reporting standards and the period after the adoption of international financial reporting standards The importance of the research comes from the fact that the subject of international financial reporting standards and the quality of profits is one of the important topics that occupied the accounting thought and the controversy has been raised in the recent period about the quality of profits and the transparency of financial statements and their comparability, especially in light of the globalization of capital markets and the need to attract new investors
qualityof earnings, international standards, conceptual framework, importance of profits, net profits
Electoral Systems in Iraq After 2003- An Analytical Study
After 2003, Iraq's electoral systems witnessed significant and important developments. The proportional representation system was adopted in parliamentary elections, allowing for broader representation of various political parties, including smaller parties that previously had little chance in the electoral systems. This system aims to achieve fairness in the distribution of parliamentary seats based on the percentage of votes each party receives, enhancing the representation of different social and political groups in parliament. Decisions related to electoral systems were influenced by the complex political, social, and historical circumstances that Iraq experienced, leading to continuous changes in how elections are organized to ensure the highest level of transparency and integrity. These changes included improvements in electoral procedures, increased oversight of the electoral process, and strengthening the role of independent institutions in supervising elections to prevent manipulation of results
parliamentary elections, political parties, seat distribution, electoral justice, electoral system
This study explores the intricate connections between language and racism, grounded in the framework of "modern race" and the concept of racism within the context of European modernity. Here, race is understood as a social system that has historically evolved through multiple forms, classifying individuals based on physical traits and racialized constructs. Within modern frameworks, race is deeply embedded in social structures and the global order, inextricably tied to colonial processes and racialized slavery driven by capitalist imperatives. Understanding race is crucial for analyzing how racial categories are organized and perceived across diverse social and cultural contexts. The research examines "ethnicity" as a concept that reflects differences at multiple levels—such as phenotypic and ethnic distinctions—and how these differences intersect to shape social and cultural dynamics. It highlights how racism has influenced the formation of European modernity, positioning modernity itself as a racialized project in which racist ideologies intertwine with notions of sovereignty and citizenship. The study also underscores language’s pivotal role in perpetuating racism by enabling linguistic and cultural hegemony, and how racist language ideologies reinforce racial hierarchies in society. Two key approaches to studying language and racism are discussed: "racial linguistics" and "Indigenous and decolonial frameworks," each contributing to our understanding of how language and racism intersect. The research concludes that race and racism are profoundly entangled with language, and addressing racial injustices in society requires a deep understanding of this relationship. It calls for further interdisciplinary research to better comprehend how language sustains racist ideologies and how linguistic and cultural reforms can challenge systemic racism
Language, racism, modern race, modernity, WoW
Journalists' attitudes towards using artificial intelligence in developing journalistic work and its impact on Credibility and professionalism
The research aims to identify the extent of journalists' awareness of the importance of artificial intelligence and its role in improving journalistic performance, knowing the impact of the application of artificial intelligence on credibility and professionalism in journalistic work, and knowing the challenges facing media institutions adopting this technology. The importance of the study comes from the fact that artificial intelligence journalism has created a new era in the media industry and the union of many journalistic institutions to benefit from these modern technologies in developing journalistic work. This research belongs to descriptive research and used the survey method that aims to record and analyze the interpretation of the phenomenon. A questionnaire form was used and then applied to a sample of journalists working in Iraqi journalistic institutions and then selected intentionally - amounting to (80) respondents. The research reached the valid answer: Fig. 7603% of the study is that Iraqi journalists, even without using artificial intelligence in journalistic work, by 7%9. The results indicated that % of Iraqi journalists confirm the contribution of artificial intelligence to improving the quality of journalistic work
Artificial Intelligence, Credibility, Professionalism, Journalis
The bureaucratization of syndicalism in Morocco: A sociological study of the determinants, manifestations and implications
The first section of this article states the circumstances that encompass the emergence of union organizations and their primary roles, as well as an analysis of the phenomenon of bureaucracy and its inherent characteristics, which swing between positive and negative aspects. The second section focuses on the manifestations of bureaucracy within union organizations and their unintended outcomes on union work, elaborating the experience of the union movement in Morocco. This movement suffers from the prevalence of bureaucratic manifestations within its union structures, where a bureaucratic character dominates union work due to the union leadership’s control over union decision-making mechanisms. This has led to the dedication of centralized decision-making, that results in the exclusion of more dynamic and active union elements and the weakening of their influence in guiding and strengthening union work. Undoubtedly, the spread of factionalism among workers and employees, through the rise of factional struggles and their organization into numerous coordination groups, can be the clearest evidence of the decline of union work in Morocco and other Maghreb countries. This decline is the effect of the proliferation of manifestations of union bureaucracy, which has directly contributed to decreasing the foundations and the pillars of internal democracy within union organizations
Bureaucracy, Union Organizations, syndicalism
The Administrative Decision on Travel Ban
the right to freedom of movement and travel from one place to another is an inherent human right, essential to human life given the psychological and physical nature of individuals. This right serves as a foundational pillar of human rights and freedoms in general. It is a relative, not absolute, right, subject to regulations and limitations that govern its exercise. Constitutions and legislations oversee the regulation of the right to movement and travel. This research addresses the concept of the administrative decision to impose a travel ban, which constitutes a restriction on an individual's freedom of movement, an essential right that cannot be waived. It examines the conditions and legal nature of such decisions, differentiates between judicial action and administrative decisions, and identifies the authorities responsible for issuing and contesting travel bans. The research is divided into two main sections: the first explores the nature and legal characteristics of the administrative decision imposing a travel ban, while the second outlines the authorities empowered to issue and contest such decisions. The research, based on a comparative analytical approach, concludes with a set of findings and recommendations. A key finding is that a travel ban is a temporary precautionary measure aimed at preventing individuals from leaving the country, issued by a competent judicial authority when sufficient evidence exists to justify it. In Palestinian legislation, the nature of a travel ban is an ongoing administrative decision, whereas in Kuwaiti law, its nature varies according to the matter at hand. In criminal and civil matters, the travel ban serves as a precautionary measure pending trial, while in bankruptcy cases, it is not considered punitive unless bankruptcy is formally declared
Haneen Sulayman Saleem * Shweiki ,Palestine
The faith and psychological dimension of marital residence in the Quranic perspective
This research talks about marriage and the right of residence in it for both spouses, and then it addresses within its folds a social and legal problem that concerns women in the event of their divorce or the death of their husbands, and among the most prominent of these problems is the loss of residence, whether it is physical or moral, and the researchers tried to reveal the faith and psychological dimensions in it as much as possible by highlighting the Qur’anic texts and the Prophetic hadiths that were specific to this important relationship in the life of the spouses, and they showed the importance of the two dimensions in standing on the legal rulings related to the right of residence during married life and after the loss of that relationship by the occurrence of one of the two things: death or divorce
Housing, the right of housing for both spouses, the faith dimension of the right of housing, the psychological dimension of the right of housing for a divorced woman whose husband has died
The Explanatory Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Organizational Health and Job Frustration: Soft Skills as a Moderating Variable with Application to Faculty Members at Saudi Universities
The study aimed to identify the explanatory role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between organizational health and functional frustration: soft skills as a modified variable by applying faculty members in Saudi universities. The problem of the study was the following main question: Does emotional intelligence explain the relationship between organizational health and functional frustration in light of soft skills. The descriptive curriculum used, the study relied on its random eye and designed a questionnaire for data collection, and the results of the analysis reached )98%), To analyze data and test hypotheses, descriptive statistics methods and path analysis were used through the statistical package of social sciences SPSS, and amos25, The most important results of the study: Emotional intelligence explains the relationship between organizational health, frustration and functional, and soft skills adjust the relationship between organizational health and emotional intelligence. The most important recommendations of the study: The university administration must be concerned with training in order to raise the efficiency of faculty members and develop their creative skills constantly, as well as contribute to increasing the quality of the teaching process by providing modern technologies and tools that support faculty members
Emotional intelligence, soft skills, career frustration, organizational health