Limited rationalism in sociology, relativism of social action

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the most important concept, this concept is “limited rationality”, Which was used by contemporary sociologists to guide the epistemological trajectory of sociology towards social action, which was considered to be a rational act, in terms of the transition of societies from traditional societies in which social action is considered to be subordinate and subject to collective conscience The society, There is no freedom for individuals to choose what they want – That is what Max Weber already calls Traditional action – to modern societies In which the act of individuals is a rational act, and their choices come from themselves and with a rational calculation in which they anticipate the results of their actions, But this rationality is not absolute, As far as it is rationality limited. The origin of this concept refers to philosophy, there was a discussion among philosophers about whether Human is free in what he does or is subject to exogenous imperatives, As the roots of this concept are rooted To economics, where the American economist Herbert Simon used the concept of limited rationalism in his study of choices and this concept was quoted in contemporary sociology from economics for study the rational social action, If the sociologists differ in their names, they have one meaning, that the rationality of the social actor is limited rationality, where Robert Kink Merton calls the unanticipated consequences, and Raymond Bodon called the term ” perverse effects “, while Michel Crozier uses the concept of limited rationalism in his study of the actor’s strategy in social organization